Onyx Gel or Coil versus Hydrogel as Embolic Agents in Endovascular Applications: Review of the Literature and Case Series
www.mdpi.com
May 6, 2024, 1:41 p.m.
Although from a commercial point of view coil and Onyx remain the main agents used in clinical practice, it has been observed that in some circumstances they do not guarantee adequate safety and feasibility profiles to maintain human health unaltered. In fact, side effects often occur related to the ease of aggregation, off-target embolisation, collateral circulation, migration and compaction of the spirals, or the presence of solvents such as DMSO (in the case of Onyx), which cause a significant response inflammatory in patients. For this reason, in recent years, scientific research has led to the development of new biomaterials capable of satisfying the growing clinical demands of minimally invasive endovascular embolisation. A variety of embolic materials have been gradually developed, and more research interests have focused on the development of intelligent and/or multifunctional materials. An example is given by embolic agents based on hydrogels, biomaterials of natural or synthetic origin, which are easily customizable with favourable properties and wide versatility.