Microneedle (MN) technology has emerged as a third-generation transdermal system that overcomes this skin barrier through micron-scale projections, typically 25 to 2000 µm in length, that create channels into the viable epidermis without reaching pain-sensitive nerve endings or blood vessels. Despite its potential, no microneedle array patch product for therapeutic drug delivery has received marketing authorization from the FDA or EMA to date.6 This article presents the scientific principles, technological progress, and translational hurdles defining the present state of microneedle research.

The unique physicochemical attributes of nanocarriers, such as their ultra-small size, tunable surface charge, and stimuli-responsive release kinetics, are well ...

Nanostructured targeted drug delivery systems represent a significant advancement in pharmaceutical science, enabling precise therapeutic agent distribution to diseased tissues while minimizing systemic side effects. This comprehensive review examines emerging paradigms in nanotechnology-based delivery mechanisms, exploring innovative approaches that enhance bioavailability and treatment efficacy. The article synthesizes current research developments and scientific breakthroughs in nano-formulations, addressing how engineered nanostructures improve drug targeting capabilities. By analyzing contemporary methodologies and their clinical applications, this open-access publication provides valuable insights for researchers, pharmaceutical developers, and healthcare professionals seeking to understand the evolving landscape of nanomedicine and its potential to revolutionize therapeutic interventions.

Nanobilosomal gel is a promising frontier for site-specific drug delivery and relies on the integration of drug-loaded bilosomes (BLs) into a gel matrix [7].

The idea is straightforward: ink injected into the skin reacts to glucose levels in interstitial fluid and shifts hue so you can check your metabolic state with ...

With the rapid advancement of the biopharmaceutical field, peptide-based biologics have demonstrated clear advantages over small-molecule therapeutics in disease treatment, such as high pharmacological activity, high solubility, and low toxicity. However, conventional peptide drug formulations still face a range of clinical and logistical challenges:

Preliminary in vivo biocompatibility in mice was satisfactory, with no skin irritation and normal complete blood count, renal, and hepatic function. In vivo studies in a rabbit ear HS model demonstrate accelerated HS healing, reduced HS thickness, epidermal thickness index (ETI), scar elevation index (SEI), and collagen deposition, along with decreased profibrotic markers, inflammatory cytokines, and angiogenic factors. Overall, the TS+GLNPs@sMN patch offers a minimally invasive, self-administrable, dual-action therapeutic strategy for enhanced HS management, with safety and efficacy in preclinical models.

This study comprehensively analyzes the top 100 highly cited publications in microneedle (MN) research to reveal convergences and divergences in academic and public interest, assess the current research landscape and its impact, and offer data-driven support for clarifying future research directions.We identified highly cited microneedle articles published from 2015 to July 15, 2025 using the Web of Science database, validated the records through Scopus and Google Scholar, and gathered Altmetric attention scores from Altmetric.Extracted data encompassed citation counts, publication years, journals, authors, affiliations, and countries, which we summarized using descriptive statistics and visualized with CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and R for correlation analysis.

The present study demonstrated the successful design and development of dissolving microneedle patches with an advanced architecture for transdermal delivery of naltrexone hydrochloride. The combination of PVP/PVA-based microneedle tips and a PVP/Poloxamer 407 backing layer proved to be an effective strategy for balancing mechanical performance and drug delivery characteristics. The selected polymer blend for the tips ensured adequate mechanical strength for insertion while maintaining suitable dissolution behavior, whereas the thermoresponsive backing layer functioned as a drug reservoir capable of modulating release and permeation.

Smart hydrogel dressings represent a significant advancement in treating complex wounds such as severe burns and chronic diabetic ulcers, which conventional materials struggle to address effectively. These innovative hydrogels closely mimic the native extracellular matrix while offering tunable physicochemical properties and high water content. Recent developments encompass natural and synthetic polymers alongside bio-inspired systems including DNA-based and peptide hydrogels. Key multifunctional capabilities include stimulus-responsive drug delivery, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, immunomodulatory effects, and enhanced mechanical characteristics such as self-healing and tissue adhesion. By targeting specific pathological mechanisms including macrophage polarization, angiogenesis, cellular senescence, and fibrosis, these advanced hydrogels facilitate comprehensive tissue regeneration beyond simple wound closure, offering promising therapeutic potential for complex wound management.

Evaluate pH level and temperature stability of HA to achieve optimal virus uptake. High-density microarray patch (HD-MAP) delivery of a DNA vaccine evaluate ...

At lower temperatures, the polymer chains are hydrated and exist as unimers, while increasing temperature enables dehydration of the polypropylene oxide blocks, ...

Researchers have developed an innovative wearable paper-based microneedle array sensor for continuous glucose monitoring that addresses current limitations in diabetes management. The system integrates disposable solid microneedles fabricated from biocompatible surgical guide resin and microcrystalline cellulose on a flexible paper substrate, paired with reusable electronics and a mobile application. The microneedles function as electrochemical biosensors through graphene coating and functional modifiers, enabling real-time glucose detection in dermal interstitial fluid. Extensive testing on porcine plasma, artificial skin models, and live mice demonstrates high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. This cost-effective, eco-friendly approach represents a significant advancement toward practical continuous glucose monitoring, potentially improving patient adherence and acceptance in diabetes care.

Diabetic, chronic, and refractory wounds formed a central application area because they involve overlapping barriers to repair, including persistent ...

Chitosan-based wound dressings represent a promising therapeutic approach for managing chronic wounds, which present multiple healing challenges including infection, vascular insufficiency, and immune dysregulation. Derived from chitin deacetylation, chitosan is a biocompatible and biodegradable polysaccharide with inherent hemostatic and antibacterial properties that can be chemically modified to enhance efficacy. This comprehensive review examines how structural modifications and formulation strategies, such as catechol grafting and quaternization, enable chitosan-based dressings to address specific pathological barriers in different wound types. By systematically linking wound pathophysiology to functional dressing requirements, the research demonstrates that therapeutic effectiveness depends not solely on chitosan's intrinsic properties but rather on targeted property modulation through rational design and fabrication approaches.

Transdermal patches represent an innovative approach to wound healing through controlled drug delivery. These patches are classified into four main types, with drug-in-adhesive and matrix-type patches proving most effective. Drug-in-adhesive patches disperse medication uniformly within an adhesive layer, offering simplicity and flexibility for sustained wound contact. Matrix-type patches utilize polymeric materials such as chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyurethane to release therapeutic agents gradually while maintaining optimal moisture levels and protecting wounds from contamination. Reservoir-type patches provide precise drug control through liquid or gel reservoirs between membranes. This technology safely delivers antimicrobial agents, anti-inflammatory mediators, and growth factors, making transdermal patches a valuable therapeutic option for enhanced wound healing outcomes.

# Professional Summary Researchers have developed an innovative approach to accelerate diabetic wound healing through the integration of nanoenzyme-engineered hydrogels with microneedle technology and visible light therapy. The ACMGM microneedle system, when combined with phototherapy, demonstrates enhanced therapeutic efficacy by reprogramming the wound microenvironment. This breakthrough addresses a critical clinical challenge, as diabetic patients experience impaired wound healing due to compromised metabolic and immune responses. The nanoenzyme-based hydrogels work synergistically with light stimulation to promote cellular regeneration and tissue repair. This multifaceted therapeutic strategy represents a significant advancement in regenerative medicine and offers promising potential for improving clinical outcomes in diabetic wound management.

Researchers have developed an innovative closed-loop delivery system that combines nitric oxide and hydrogen with feedback control mechanisms to enhance diabetic wound healing. This advanced therapeutic approach leverages synergistic effects between the two gaseous compounds, optimizing their release based on real-time wound conditions. Published in Nano-Micro Letters, this open-access research represents a significant advancement in biomedical engineering and regenerative medicine. The closed-loop feedback system enables precise, responsive treatment that adapts to individual healing progression, potentially improving outcomes for patients with diabetes-related complications. This breakthrough offers promising applications for addressing the substantial clinical challenge of impaired wound healing in diabetic populations.

Continuous glucose monitoring through wearable technology addresses critical needs for diabetes management, yet current microneedle approaches face practical limitations. This research presents an innovative disposable microneedle array integrated with flexible paper substrate and reusable electronics for electrochemical glucose sensing in dermal interstitial fluid. The solid microneeles are fabricated from a biocompatible composite of surgical guide resin and microcrystalline cellulose, coated with graphene ink for conductivity. Extensive testing on porcine plasma, artificial skin, and live mice demonstrated high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. This cost-effective, eco-friendly solution offers significant advancement toward practical, patient-friendly continuous glucose monitoring devices with enhanced wearability and compliance.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has abundant medicinal resources and distinctive pharmacological properties. So, TCM presents considerable promise in clinical treatments. However, challenges such as poor bioavailability hinder broader clinical adoption of TCM. Microneedles (MNs), an innovative and minimally invasive transdermal platform, have emerged to enhance the therapeutic performance of TCM. The integration of MNs with TCM (TCM-MNs) overcomes key limitations of conventional administration routes to reach more targeted and efficient delivery. The structural and compositional diversity of TCM ingredients necessitates diverse TCM-MNs designs, especially "unification of medicines and excipients".