Ultrathin DES were associated with reduced DOCE, TLR and TVR risks in diffuse ISR compared to DEBs.

Astaxanthin, a natural antioxidant carotenoid, has been shown to reduce cerebral ischemic injury in rodents. However, there have not been any studies specifically addressing whether preventive administration of astaxanthin can protect against cerebral ischemia. The purpose of this study was to examine whether pretreatment of astaxanthin can protect against ischemic injuries in the adult rats.

While medicine aims for a definitive cure, emphasis should also be placed on shielding individuals from stroke. This review inevitably has limitations, such as the small number of studies included. In addition, human clinical trials are required to evaluate the preventive and therapeutic impacts of ATX. At present, both in vivo and in vitro research on the chemoprotective properties of ATX is in its early stages. This situation presents an opportunity for further detailed investigations on ATX, encompassing a comprehensive evaluation of its metabolites, consideration of individual variability, examination of potential adverse effects and toxicity, and exploration of the long-term protective potentials of ATX.

Emerging evidence has brought platelet adhesion molecules back into the spotlight as targets for the development of novel anti-thrombotic agents. These potential antiplatelet targets mainly include the platelet receptors glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V complex, β3 integrins (αIIb subunit and PSI domain of β3 subunit) and GPVI. Numerous efforts have been made aiming to balance the efficacy of inhibiting thrombosis without compromising hemostasis. This mini-review will update the mechanisms of thrombosis and the current state of antiplatelet therapies, and will focus on platelet adhesion molecules and the novel anti-thrombotic therapies that target them.

Foreign body embolization is a rare and potentially under-recognized complication of neuroendovascular procedures. This complication should be considered in the differential diagnosis for clinical or radiological deterioration following neurovascular interventions. We report a case of foreign body hydrophilic coating embolization that occurred following an attempted flow diversion of an intracranial aneurysm with dramatic flare-up after repeat exposure. We also provide a literature review of all reported cases of hydrophilic polymer embolization following flow diversion procedures.

Inquis Medical said Monday it has raised $40 million to complete a pivotal trial of its Aventus thrombectomy system and prepare to launch the product in 2025. Aventus, which first received 510(k) clearance in November 2023, enables non-surgical removal of clots from blood vessels. Like Inari Medical’s Flowtriever, the device uses aspiration to remove clots. Inquis’ attempts to differentiate its product center on sensing technology that tells the operator if the tip of the device is in contact with blood, a clot or vessel walls.

Through advancing the development of a novel RIC system, this study constitutes a step towards addressing an unmet need for efficacious pre-hospital stroke treatments. While the device was considered easy to use, paramedics also identified important areas for improvement. With a small, localized study sample, our findings are primarily applicable to the refinement of the RICovery system for use in future clinical trials in the same healthcare setting. However, feedback on the importance of mitigating potential interference of newly introduced procedures with those already established, robustness of equipment, and effective paramedic–patient communication may also help inform the design of other pre-hospital interventions.

PTX and SRL exhibit different pharmacodynamic properties, which translate into different clinical performance sand safety profiles. The divergent effects of PTX and SRL observed in preclinical models and varying conditions underscore the complexity of drug selection in clinical settings. While PTX has demonstrated potent cytotoxicity and antirestenotic effects, concerns about its safety in certain environments persist. Conversely, SRL’s mechanism of action, particularly its inhibition of the mTOR pathway, offers an alternative approach, but raises questions about effective drug distribution in the vessel wall and permanence. So far, we have sufficient information on when to use the more potent cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel, aiming at observing a higher lumen enlargement, or the more anti-inflammatory effect of sirolimus, with both devices aiming to optimize DCB use in clinical practice.

Ischemic stroke and cerebral venous thrombosis are both leading causes of disability. Both involve plasmatic coagulation, platelets, and immune cells, but pathomechanisms differ. Stroke is a thrombo-inflammatory disease with immune cell recruitment and barrier breakdown. Cerebral venous thrombosis is caused by thrombotic occlusion of cerebral veins and is a prime example of immunothrombosis.

Blood-repellency based on superhydrophobic surfaces has shown promise in numerous studies and could be a new way toward antithrombic surfaces compared to the commonly utilized smooth surfaces. Several different mechanisms have been proposed, but the full picture of the effect of the topography and the role of superhydrophobicity is not yet clear. A typical superhydrophobic surface, composed of a nanoscale topography and a hydrophobic surface chemistry, would have less overall area for platelet adhesion and uniform adhesion areas smaller than platelet-sized.

"Women with a history of migraine with aura have an increased risk for stroke, especially along with factors such as smoking or oral contraceptives. Another is preeclampsia -- a complication of pregnancy -- which doubles the risk of stroke after the fact but is rarely considered," Dr. Sumit Singh, Chief-Neurology, Artemis Hospitals

The Occlusion Devices market research report comprises a thorough examination of the current and future scenario of this industry vertical. The research highlights major trends and opportunities, as well as challenges, for various segments and sub-segments, while broadening the company horizon. The study report also includes extensive information based on past and present patterns across several industry verticals to help find various expansion prospects. Throughout the forecast period, several estimations regarding market share, market size, and industry growth rate are presented. The research includes information on competitive analysis as well as consumption habits and pricing strategies depending on the Occlusion Devices market.

The study finds substantial and sustained improvements in acute stroke care among those in the quality improvement program. Reviewing two decades of data, researchers found increased adherence to evidence-based stroke care translates to better clinical outcomes and, ultimately, more patients being discharged home or to a skilled nursing facility more quickly.

Aspirin hypersensitivity represents a significant clinical challenge in patients with CAD who require aspirin as part of an antithrombotic treatment. The percentage of patients reporting aspirin hypersensitivity is in fact high, although the real prevalence is low in general population, making it crucial to identify those patients who really are hypersensitive. The mechanisms underlying aspirin hypersensitivity, moreover, are not fully understood, and further studies are needed to better understand the pathophysiology beneath this condition. Despite these challenges, and depending on the clinical setting, multiple strategies are available to allow aspirin administration in patients with CAD and reporting drug hypersensitivity, and suspicion of this condition should not automatically deter the use of aspirin. The low-dose ASA challenge and desensitization are in fact safe and effective strategies to overcome this condition, although still underused in clinical practice. For those few patients who cannot (or fail to) undergo ASA desensitization, further approaches may be also considered, including the use of alternative antiplatelet agents or antithrombotic regimens.

AST modulates inflammatory signaling pathways such as NF-kB and downregulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Although there are only a few clinical reports related to the protective effect of AST against inflammatory diseases, AST should be further characterized for its properties as a potential therapeutic strategy in combating inflammatory diseases.

Over the past 40 years, research has heavily emphasized stroke treatments that directly target ischemic cascades after stroke onset. Much attention has focused on studying neuroprotective drugs targeting one aspect of the ischemic cascade. However, the single-target therapeutic approach resulted in minimal clinical benefit and poor outcomes in patients. Considering the ischemic cascade is a multifaceted and complex pathophysiological process with many interrelated pathways, the spotlight is now shifting towards the development of neuroprotective drugs that affect multiple aspects of the ischemic cascade. Phosphatidylserine (PS), known as the “eat-me” signal, is a promising candidate. PS is involved in many pathophysiological changes in the central nervous system after stroke onset, including apoptosis, inflammation, coagulation, and neuronal regeneration. Moreover, PS might also exert various roles in different phases after stroke onset.

Les accidents vasculaires cérébraux (AVC), principalement de nature ischémique, trouvent leurs racines dans divers facteurs, parmi lesquels l’athérosclérose occupe une place prépondérante. Cette pathologie se manifeste par la formation de plaques au sein des parois artérielles. Bien que les individus âgés soient généralement plus vulnérables aux AVC, une tendance inquiétante émerge : l’augmentation des cas d’AVC précoce. Une étude récente menée par des chercheurs américains révèle un lien insoupçonné entre ce phénomène et le groupe sanguin. Les conclusions de cette étude indiquent notamment que les individus du groupe sanguin A présentent un risque supérieur de subir un AVC précoce, en comparaison avec ceux des groupes sanguins B et O.

Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and increased immune cell trafficking into the central nervous system (CNS) are hallmarks of the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1; CD31) is expressed on cells of the vascular compartment and regulates vascular integrity and immune cell trafficking. Involvement of PECAM-1 in MS pathogenesis has been suggested by the detection of increased levels of soluble PECAM-1 (sPECAM-1) in the serum and CSF of MS patients.

Ischemic stroke, resulting from insufficient blood supply to the brain, is among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. A potentially severe complication of the disease itself or its treatment aiming to restore optimal blood flow is hemorrhagic transformation (HT) increasing morbidity and mortality. Detailed summaries can be found in the literature on the pathophysiological background of hemorrhagic transformation, the potential clinical risk factors increasing its chance, and the different biomarkers expected to help in its prediction and clinical outcome. Clinicopathological studies also contribute to the improvement in our knowledge of hemorrhagic transformation. We summarized the clinical risk factors of the hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic strokes in terms of risk reduction and collected the most promising biomarkers in the field.

There is Level 1 evidence around the management of symptomatic carotid artery stenosis, with superiority of intervention compared to medical therapy for stroke prevention,” Lim and colleagues state in their abstract. “While, long term, the efficacy of carotid intervention has been clearly documented, the natural history on symptomatic patients with ipsilateral carotid stenosis has not been well described in the contemporary era—when best medical therapy has evolved. With an ageing population and increase in frailty, information on medical management alone should be discussed with patients to assist in clinical decision-making.