Stent restenosis, i.e., post-stent implantation, remains to be one of the most complicated issues to be dealt with in the context of cardiovascular care. The arteries that the stents were placed in originally may have gone through the process called restenosis whereby over time they become more and more constricted, which leads to a diminishing in blood flowing to the heart. These are the principles that require improving any treatment plans that reduce symptoms and prevent further digestives system problems.

Coronary stents have a major impact on the overall process of treating coronary artery disease, but at the same time, they offer patients relief and assistance if there is a narrowing or blockage of the artery. These small, fine mesh microtubules are pushed into the heart’s arteries to enable correct blood return into the heart. This comprehensive guide will unfold the various sorts of coronary stents and their functions in assisting the grasp or purpose of cardiovascular health.

Subset data from the PRECISE (Prospective Randomized Trial of the Optimal Evaluation of Cardiac Symptoms and Revascularization) Trial will also be presented. The PRECISE clinical trial data, originally presented in late 2022, confirmed CTA + FFRCT increases diagnostic accuracy, reduces unnecessary testing and offers higher confidence in identifying patients needing treatment versus traditional testing (stress nuclear, stress echo, and invasive coronary angiography). The new subset data analyzes the association between body mass index, testing performance and clinical outcomes in patients with stable chest pain.

Technology offers benefits of HeartFlow Plaque Analysis with the new addition of 3D interactive capabilities, integrated with lesion specific FFRCT values

The study, an offshoot of the RATE-AF trial, examined if a commercially-available fitness tracker and smartphone could continuously monitor the response to medications—digoxin and beta blockers—and provide clinical information similar to in-person hospital assessment. The wearable devices, consisting of a wrist band and connected smartphone, collected a vast amount of data on the response to the two different medications.

iVascular has announced the publication of results from a prospective single-centre study, demonstrating that the company’s Essential pro paclitaxel drug-coated balloon (DCB) offers low target lesion revascularisation (TLR) and minimal adverse event rates in the treatment of coronary in-stent restenosis (ISR).

Our findings reveal that the combined marker NLR&LDL-C/HDL-C exhibits a stronger association with the severity of coronary artery stenosis compared to NHR. Unlike many other biomarkers, NLR&LDL-C/HDL-C is relatively inexpensive and readily accessible. It offers significant predictive value in assessing the severity of coronary artery stenosis and serves as an effective predictive factor for evaluating coronary artery disease severity in ACS patients.

In light of five-year IN.PACT AV Access data—presented at CX 2024 by Andrew Holden (Auckland, New Zealand)—Tozzi points to the durability that these results demonstrate, as well as the positive cost effectiveness and reduced retreatment rate the IN.PACT AV DCB appears to enable compared to standard percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA).

The research revealed that individuals with unfavorable lifestyles and high genetic risk are more likely to experience early-onset CVD. Importantly, the study found that lifestyle improvements can significantly reduce the incidence of CVD, particularly among young adults with high genetic risk.

Finally, in patients with CAD, P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular death, MI, and stroke compared with aspirin monotherapy. This association is mainly attributed to a lower risk of myocardial infarction, which resulted in a decreased risk of non-acute coronary syndrome events. The incidences of major bleeding and gastrointestinal bleeding were similar in both groups. Nevertheless, the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke was found to be lower in patients receiving monotherapy with a P2Y12 inhibitor. The available randomized data indicates that long-term P2Y12 inhibitor therapy may be a more appropriate choice than aspirin monotherapy for secondary prevention in patients with CAD.

In-stent restenosis (ISR) is the gradual narrowing of the stented coronary segment, presenting as angina or leading to an acute myocardial infarction. Although the incidence has decreased with the use of newer drug-eluting stents (DES), it still carries significant mortality & morbidity. We compared the two most common interventions, i.e. drug-coated balloons (DCB) vs drug-eluting stents (DES) for managing DES-related ISR. Electronic databases were searched to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing DCB to DES in patients with DES-ISR.

Although evidence suggests that the performance of DCBs is independent of lesion complexity, there continues to be a bailout stent ratio > 40% in long lesions (> 20 cm), severely calcified lesions, and a high number of chronic total occlusions. In arteries that are obstructed by overwhelming atherosclerotic plaque deposition, balloon angioplasty increases the vessel lumen through uncontrolled dissection, resulting in longitudinal tears and creating tissue flaps with varying degrees of severity. Additional data also suggest that untreated dissections following plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA), including non–flow-limiting dissections, are associated with reduced patency.

Summing LDL-C measurements over time to calculate cumulative exposure to LDL generates a unique biomarker that captures both the magnitude and duration of exposure, which facilitates the estimation of the absolute risk of having an acute cardiovascular event at any point in time. Titrating LDL-C lowering to keep cumulative exposure to LDL below the threshold at which acute cardiovascular events occur can effectively prevent ASCVD. In this Review, we provide the first comprehensive overview of how the LDL cumulative exposure hypothesis can guide the prevention of ASCVD. We also discuss the benefits of maintaining lower LDL-C levels over time and how this knowledge can be used to inform clinical practice guidelines as well as to design novel primary prevention trials and ASCVD prevention programmes.

Oral anticoagulation therapy (OAC) is a mainstay for mitigating stroke and other embolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Despite the demonstrated efficacy of OAC in reducing events, many patients are unable to tolerate OAC due to bleeding risks. Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) devices were developed as implantable technologies to moderate stroke risk in patients with intolerance to OAC. Despite clinical data supporting near-comparable protection against thromboembolic events with OAC, device-related thrombus formation has emerged as a critical complication following LAAO that remains a potential limitation to the safety and efficacy of LAAO. Improved biocompatibility of LAAO devices with fluoropolymers, a well-established stent-coating technology used to reduce thrombus formation and promote endothelialization, may optimize outcomes after LAAO.

Device-related thrombus after left atrial appendage occlusion is rare but is associated with adverse clinical outcomes and is challenging to manage. Independent predictors of DRT include nonmodifiable clinical characteristics (eg, permanent AF) and modifiable procedural factors (eg, deep implantation). This report proposes a novel mechanistic classification of DRT and HAT that can be used to guide future research.

DRT after LAAO is associated with ischemic events. Patient- and procedure-specific factors are associated with the risk of DRT and may aid in risk stratification of patients referred for LAAO.

The commercial application of biodegradable metals, such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), is hampered by their slow degradation rate. Polylactide (PLA) coatings on BMs have been proven to accelerate corrosion of Fe and Zn but with limited success. This is the first study exploring the use of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) to enhance and control the corrosion of polylactide (PLA)-coated Fe and Zn. The Au NPs enhanced the corrosion rate of Fe and Zn by promoting micro-galvanic corrosion after nanoparticle agglomeration.

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the Mediterranean diet, which is rich in resveratrol, is associated with a significantly reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the beneficial effects of resveratrol on cardiovascular function remain incompletely understood. Therefore, we set out to identify the molecular target(s) mediating the protective action of resveratrol on vascular function.

Astaxanthin at 0.01 or 0.05% of the diet was supplied to diabetic rats for 12 wk. Astaxanthin intake significantly increased its deposit in plasma, and retained glutathione content, reduced the production of reactive oxygen species, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in blood and kidney of diabetic rats (P < 0.05). Astaxanthin treatments also significantly decreased plasma levels of C-reactive protein and von Willebrand factor in diabetic rats (P < 0.05). Astaxanthin intake at 0.05% significantly diminished plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and factor VII activities, enhanced antithrombin-III and protein C activities in circulation (P < 0.05). These results support that astaxanthin could attenuate diabetes associated coagulatory, oxidative, and inflammatory stress.

Oxidative stress induced by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) was shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular pathologies. Particularly, oxidative stress has proved to mediate abnormal platelet function and dysfunctional endothelium-dependent vasodilatation representing a key factor in the progression of ischemic injuries. Antioxidants like carotenoids have been suggested to contribute in their prevention and treatment. Astaxanthin, a xanthophyll carotenoid produced naturally and synthetically, shows interesting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.